World Health Organization releases first technical brief on Encephalitis

 

Encephalitis is an increasing global threat: Dr Ava Easton, Chief Executive, Encephalitis International

World Health Organization (WHO) and Encephalitis International have launched a critical Technical Brief on Encephalitis in London, which identified encephalitis (infectious and autoimmune) as an increasing global threat making it an urgent public health priority. The technical brief outlines the worldwide burden of encephalitis, key actions required to improve prevention, data collection and surveillance, diagnostics and treatment, after care and awareness, and research innovation.

“Encephalitis is an increasing global threat. Without urgent attention and investment we will see more needless death and disability from the condition”, said Dr Ava Easton, Chief Executive, Encephalitis International.

Encephalitis, a condition caused by infectious and autoimmune causes in individuals, is an often-deadly brain inflammation that can affect anyone regardless of age, sex or ethnicity. It can lead to severe neurological consequences, including permanent brain injury. It arises either from an
infection invading the brain, such as Japanese Encephalitis, Scrub Typhus that are more prevalent in India or from the immune system mistakenly attacking the brain (autoimmune encephalitis).

WHO and Encephalitis International urge policymakers, public health professionals, healthcare providers, and researchers to engage with this brief and implement its recommendations to save lives and reduce disability associated with encephalitis. According to a recent survey in 2024,
1,548 Japanese Encephalitis cases were reported from 24 states and Union Territories.

Dr Ava Easton, added, "The WHO's recognition of encephalitis as a growing global threat marks a pivotal moment. We must act decisively to improve prevention, diagnosis, and care for those affected. Encephalitis disproportionately affects individuals in low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC), where healthcare resources are often limited. To support the implementation of the technical brief's recommendations, Encephalitis International has launched the "Countdown to Change" pilot appeal, aiming to raise £50,000 by 22 February 2025. Donations will fund initiatives to improve diagnostics, treatment, and aftercare for those affected globally.”

“The WHO Encephalitis technical brief aims to focus attention on the increasing global threat of encephalitis, prevention strategies and existing gaps in the diagnosis, treatment and care which will help enable more people affected to receive the treatment and care they need to live fulfilling and healthy lives.” said Dr Tarun Dua, Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health, Brain Health and Substance Use.

 

WHO Technical Brief Conclusion:

• Encephalitis is an increasing global threat with an urgent public health imperative, and represents a significant yet under-recognized global health challenge, marked by substantial mortality, disability burden, and economic impacts.

• Compounded by large population densities in resource-limited settings, proximity to animals through human encroachment, intensive farming practices, vaccine hesitancy, climate change, urbanization, and global trade, encephalitis is primed to further expand its reach.

• Trends of emerging and re-emerging viral outbreaks of encephalitis are increasing and identification and recognition of autoantibodies are contributing to the expanding number of autoimmune encephalitis cases.

• The true global burden of encephalitis is currently unknown – particularly in LMIC, however, the heavy costs associated with neurological sequelae and the impact on families are
  undisputed and increasingly being recognized.

• Central to reducing the burden of encephalitis are vaccination strategies, the establishment of robust surveillance systems, the strengthening of health systems.

• Progress in these areas should be underpinned by quality medical and public health research and the generation of new advances.

• Public awareness and education also play a pivotal role in reducing encephalitis deaths and disability along with increasing understanding and empathy for the condition and those affected, along with preventative measures.

• Prioritising encephalitis within global and national health agendas, mobilising resources for targeted interventions, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders can significantly reduce the potential global threat and disease burden. Together, these efforts promise to improve health outcomes, enhance the quality of life for those affected, and build resilient health systems capable of responding to this growing public health challenge.

 

Symptoms of encephalitis vary but can include:

• Infectious encephalitis (decreased or altered level of consciousness, personality/ behavioural change, fever and a headache);
• Autoimmune encephalitis (memory problems, psychiatric symptoms, decreased or altered level of consciousness and personality change).

 

Death rates following encephalitis can be high.  Survivors may experience long-term challenges such as cognitive impairments, personality changes, epilepsy, and fatigue, making reintegration into daily life difficult. Treatment and cure depend on the underlying cause and may include antiviral medications for autoimmune causes and supportive care to manage long-term symptoms.

Encephalitis affects three people every minute globally, yet almost 77% of the population do not know what it is. The lack of awareness leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment, and poorer patient outcomes. By implementing the WHO's recommendations, we can work towards reducing the global impact of this debilitating condition.

'Body Becomes Agile': Ayurveda Expert Shares Benefits Of Daily Oil Massage For Good Health

 

In many villages, it is common for individuals to apply oil to their bodies before taking a bath in the morning to nourish the skin and alleviate various issues. Massaging with oil enhances the performance of several body functions. Let’s explore its additional advantages, as well as the appropriate timing and methods for performing it.

Ayurveda expert Dr Pallav shared his tips on body massage with Local18 stating that “Massage is a simple process, which is very important to do. Massage removes fatigue, which also has a scientific basis."

He further said, “Oil massage brings lightness. Along with this, the body becomes agile and shiny. There are many different forms of oil massage. Village people often apply Ubtan. It also has special significance. Using Ubtan helps to remove the dirt that has built up on the skin."

“In this way, after removing the dirt from the body, people take a bath. After removing the dirt, the body’s Agni is activated, due to which the digestive process becomes normal. Those who do not bathe, their Agni does not work. Also, the possibility of many diseases increases due to the dirt accumulated on the skin."

Dr. Pallav said, “Often people living with air conditioners suffer from skin-related diseases. Due to the decrease in temperature while living in AC, sweating stops, which takes the form of disease as the dirt stays in the skin for many days."

“On the other hand, the people of the village work out in the fields. If the body is inactive, then the same person can have a new disease. If we want to keep the body healthy and fit, we have to change our routine. With changing times, people are getting vaccinated to protect themselves from diseases. But it is not as effective as we can do by changing our daily routine." he said.

He added “To keep the body healthy, it will be necessary to adopt the right methods and take out some time for self care. Oil massage is an integral part of our body care. There is Agni in our skin too. This should be kept safe. Oil massage also keeps the body healthy."

Dr Pallav believes that applying oil to the body in winter easily removes the problem of dry skin and nourishes the skin. Applying oil also removes toxins from the body and makes skin healthy by moisturising it.

It is to be noted that the medicine and health-related advice given in this news is based on conversations with experts. This is general information, not personal advice. Please consult the relevant experts before implementing them. Local-18 will not be responsible for any harm caused by use.

Is This The World's Healthiest Meal?

Want an ultimate meal plan that is both tasty and healthy? International nutrition expert Dominic Ludwig has devised an exceptional diet that he believes to be the healthiest in the world.

He has designed a meal plan comprising three courses that encompass all the essential nutrients our bodies require. Even nutrients that are typically scarce in conventional foods can be found in this plan. Each dish has been meticulously crafted following extensive research.

The nutritionist asserts that consuming these meals will significantly improve intestinal health, sharpen brain function, and strengthen the heart. The plan begins with a starter, followed by a main course, and concludes with dessert. Let’s explore what this diet entails.

The Starter

According to Dominic, the starter features protein, prebiotics, and Middle Eastern cheese. It provides 24 grams of protein and 5 grams of fibre. This dish incorporates broccoli and tomatoes sautéed in light olive oil, topped with cheese. Dominic recommends enjoying this in the morning. It will supply you with 313 calories of energy.

As a result, your blood sugar levels will remain stable, and you will feel satiated for an extended period. Broccoli is rich in magnesium, which plays a vital role in the activity of 300 enzymes. Additionally, it helps keep the mind alert.

The Main Course

Dominic detailed that, for the main dish, you should fry Merkel fish in olive oil and pair it with a salad. Merkel fish is among the few select foods that are rich in vitamin D and is recognized for its health benefits. It is high in monosaturated fat, which is beneficial for heart health. This fish is also beneficial for brain function and intestinal wellness. It contains polyphenol antioxidants that help lower the risk of various diseases.

The Dessert

The dessert consists of tofu chocolate served with blueberries. Dominic points out that sweets often contain excessive sugar; however, tofu chocolate is nearly sugar-free yet very sweet. It is packed with protein and calcium. Pairing it with blueberries adds to the sweetness. This combination also includes cocoa, a natural source of iron, magnesium, and zinc. This will prevent energy deficiencies and enhance muscle performance.

It is important to note that this diet has been formulated based on ingredients available in Western countries. You can modify it according to the region you belong to. For instance, while blueberries are accessible, tofu chocolate may be rare; thus, dark chocolate can be used in its place.

Why Rice Water Is A Game Changer To Control Hair Fall

Hair fall has become a major concern in the modern world, affecting individuals of all ages and genders. Excessive pollution, hair styling, stress and poor diet are the major factors contributing to this widespread issue. If you are suffering from a similar problem try adopting this traditional remedy – using rice water. Yes, rice water has gained renewed attention for its nourishing properties. It is rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that can help strengthen your hair, promoting growth. Today, let’s look at a step-by-step guide on the optimal way to use rice water to solve hair fall problems.

How to use rice water to control hair fall?

Prepare Rice Water

The first step requires you to save the leftover water after cooking rice. Let it cool down to room temperature otherwise the hot water may end up burning your scalp. Leaving the rice water to ferment for 24 hours can enhance its effectiveness.

Apply The Water

Once the water is cooled off, part your hair into sections and then apply. Ensure that the rice water reaches your scalp. For easier application, use a spray bottle or a cotton ball. Gently massage your hair after using the rice water.

Leave It On

The rice water needs time to nourish your scalp. Allow it to rest on your scalp for some time after application. A 15 to 30-minute period will enable the water to penetrate your hair follicles. One can also use a shower cap to cover your hair as it will prevent the water from dripping.

Rinse Thoroughly

Next, you will have to rinse your hair thoroughly with lukewarm water. Using a shampoo isn’t required as the benefits of rice water can be retained without it.

Prepare a Schedule

Rice water must be applied at least once every week for the best results. It is advised you prepare a schedule and choose a day as per your routine. Overuse of rice water may result in protein overload that can dry out your hair making it all the more important to maintain a balance.

Additional benefits of rice water for hair:

Improves Shine

Rice water can help make your hair shiny. The natural starch present in it affects the smoothness of your hair, enhancing its quality.

Detangles Hair

Using rice water regularly can detangle knots in your hair. It helps in better hair management.

Prevents Hair Damage

Apart from its starch content, rice water also has vitamins and minerals to protect your hair from damage.

Fatty Liver in Children: Causes, Treatment, And Prevention

 

Unhealthy lifestyles, consumption of junk food and lack of exercise is leading to the issue of fatty liver disease among many young adults in India. But particularly shocking is its rising prevelance among children.

Fatty liver disease is usually associated with ageing and obesity. However, now it is being observed among children as well owing to excessive consumption of fast food. Continuous fast food intake leads to accumulation of more than 5% fat in the liver, resulting in fatty liver disease. There is also increasing cases of diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure among children.

Experts suggest that these health issues often begin during pregnancy when there is a significant challenge to maintain the health of the mother and that of the baby. A mother’s diet during this period has a profound impact on her child’s health.

Preeti Pandey, Senior Dietician at Apollomedics Super Specialty Hospital, emphasizes that pregnant women must watch what they eat. “This has a bad effect on the health of the child growing in the womb. In the future, this can also become a major cause of fatty liver in children. In such a situation, the mother should pay a lot of attention to her and the baby’s diet," she says.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Experts indicate that fatty liver is commonly associated with alcohol use, yet for non-drinkers, it’s termed ‘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’ (NAFLD). Fat accumulation in the liver can result from children’s consumption of junk food, excessive sweets, and packaged foods that often contain added sugars. Sugar is one of the primary culprits that converts to fat within the liver. In overweight children and adults, this fat is not properly metabolized due to conditions such as insulin resistance.

Why is NAFLD more common in children?

Dietician Preeti Pandey notes that 40 percent of children in the country are affected by fatty liver. “The primary reasons for this are poor dietary choices, lack of exercise, consumption of junk food, sugary drinks, and excessive salt. Additionally, it’s important to limit salt intake for children under one year and sugar intake for those under two years. Often, parents are unaware of fatty liver until their child presents with specific complaints, as the initial signs of the condition are not obvious."

Ideal children’s diet

Experts recommend providing children with green vegetables, fruits, whole grains, a diet rich in protein, and ample water. Fried foods, fast food, sugary drinks, and junk food should be avoided.

There is also the need to encourage children to engage in at least one hour of physical activity each day, whether that involves playing, running, or riding a bicycle. It’s also essential to limit their screen time.

Another crucial aspect is to ensure regular health checkups for children, including liver assessments. If any issues arise, it is important to seek medical advice promptly.

Planning To Lose Weight? Here Is A 7-Day Anti-Inflammatory Diet Plan By Nutritionist Aanchal Chugh

A weight loss journey can often feel like riding a rollercoaster, with its share of ups and downs and unexpected cravings that can throw you off track. And when it comes to weight loss, there are over a thousand tips and tricks doing the rounds on the internet. From home remedies and diets to workout routines, different individuals have different ideas of weight loss regimes to share. Now, Instagram user and nutritionist Aanchal Chugh, who claimed to have lost up to 25 kg, recently shared a special diet plan on her page that helped her shed kilos during her weight loss journey.

In a recent post, the nutritionist talked about consuming an anti-inflammatory diet to ease the process and promote overall well-being. The user posted a week-long diet plan, including anti-inflammatory early morning drinks, breakfast, lunch, snacks, dinner, and other options. Check below the anti-inflammatory diet plan to know how you can manage things through this diet.

7-Day Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Weight Loss

Day 1

• Early morning: 5 soaked almonds and jeera + ajwain water
• Breakfast: 1 besan cheela with 20 gm of mint chutney
• Mid-morning: 1 fruit and 1 tablespoon of seeds on top
• Lunch: Quinoa chickpea bowl with vegetables
• Snacks: 1 cup of peppermint tea and 30 gm makhana
• Dinner: 150 gm cooked dal khichri
• Before bed: Fennel and ginger water

Day 2

• Early morning: Ginger, turmeric, and black pepper detox shot
• Breakfast: Warm oatmeal with oats, nut milk, and one fruit
• Mid-morning: Snack and 1 glass of beetroot kanji
• Lunch: 2 idli, a bowl of sambar, and 20 gm of coconut chutney
• Snacks: Sprout bhel
• Dinner: 1 beetroot tofu paratha
• Before bed: 1 cup of chamomile tea

Day 3

• Early morning: Lukewarm lemon water, five soaked almonds, and two walnuts
• Breakfast: Moong dal cheela with 20 gm mint chutney
• Mid-morning: 100 gm papaya and 1 tablespoon of pumpkin seeds
• Lunch: 30 gm rajma rice (100 gm) + 1 seasonal vegetable
• Snacks: 1 seed and date ladoo
• Dinner: Millet khichri
• Before bed: Tulsi, jeera, and ajwain water

Day 4

• Early morning: Lukewarm cinnamon water
• Breakfast: 5 soaked almonds and jowar vegetable uttapam
• Mid-morning: 1 glass of vegetable juice
• Lunch: Dal palak, 1 bajra roti, and 100 gm cucumber raita
• Snacks: 1 seed and date ladoo
• Dinner: Sauted vegetables and 100 gm tofu
• Before bed: 1 cup of chamomile tea

Day 5

• Early morning: 5 soaked almonds and turmeric, ginger, and black pepper detox shot
• Breakfast: 1 chickpea-milled bread sandwich
• Mid-morning: 100 gm papaya + 1 tablespoon mixed seeds
• Lunch: Lentil curry, 1 jowar roti, pumpkin curry, and 100 gm curd
• Snacks: 30 gm humus and vegetable sticks
• Dinner: Tomato basil soup and 70 gm low-fat cheena paneer bhurji
• Before bed: Warm fennel seed water

• Day 6

  • Early morning: Jeera water and 5 soaked almonds
  • Breakfast: 2 millet idli, a bowl of sambar, and 20 gm chutney
  • Mid-morning: 1 glass of beetroot kanji
  • Lunch: Paneer bhurji, 1 millet roti, and yoghurt
  • Snacks: 2 oranges
  • Dinner: 1 roti, lentil curry, and 100 gm cucumber raita with tadka
  • Before bed: Jeera and ajwain water

  Day 7

  • Early morning: Cinnamon and black raisin water, 5 soaked almonds, and 2 walnuts
  • Breakfast: Vegetable upma and 10 gm peanuts
  • Mid-morning: 1 glass of coconut and chia seed water
  • Lunch: Kala channa curry, 100 gm steamed rice, and 1 green vegetable
  • Snacks: 20 gm makhana and a cup of green tea
  • Dinner: Vegetable dal and millet khichri -200 gm
  • Before bed: Tulsi and ginger water

  At the end, the nutritionist also shared 3 anti-inflammatory drinks that one can drink in their daily routine. They are green tea with lemon, ginger, fennel, and jeera seed water, and star anise and cinnamon tea.

  Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Key Components

  The key components to include in your diet are fresh fruits and vegetables, including blueberries, blackberries, strawberries, cherries, kale, spinach, and broccoli. You should also add whole grain foods, healthy fats, herbs and spices, plant-based protein, and fermented foods. Moreover, the nutritionist suggested consuming green tea instead of the regular milk tea.

This Is Why Popping Pimples In This Area Could Be Deadly

We’ve all been there – a big event is around the corner and a stubborn pimple appears right in the centre of your face when you least expect it. For most of us, to get rid of it is to squeeze it hard. However, while popping might seem like a quick fix, dermatologists caution that it can often lead to acne scars or even infection. Recently, a US-based dermatologist took to social media to share that there is one area on the face where he would never pop a pimple and the reason may surprise you.

In a viral YouTube video, a US-based dermatologist, Dr Strom, focuses on an area known as the “triangle of death" or “danger triangle." This zone, stretching from the bridge of the nose down to the corners of the mouth, has veins that connect directly to the brain through a blood vessel called the cavernous sinus. Dr Strom warns that popping pimples in this area can cause an infection that may spread to the brain.

“So, when you traumatise the skin in this area or pop a pimple. You are potentially introducing a nidus of infection into the bloodstream. It can also travel directly to the brain," he said.

Popping a pimple may seem harmless but it can create an open wound that easily attracts bacteria from your hands or the air. If an infection develops in certain areas of the face. In rare cases, an infection of the face can lead to septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, a blood clot in your cavernous sinus which Dr Storm stressed in his video. The infection can lead to a variety of serious and potentially life-threatening health issues such as brain abscess, brain infection, facial nerve damage, meningitis, pneumonia, septic emboli and stroke.

While you are not going to “die" by popping the pimple on your face, the dermatologist stressed that the risk of “brain infection" is enough to make him avoid touching any pimples in the triangle of death.

Echoing Dr Strom’s warning, dermatologist Dr Alok Vij told Cleveland Clinic, “Whenever there’s a violation of the skin and interaction with bacteria, there’s always a possibility for infection, which can lead to greater health concerns."

For anyone tempted to pick a pimple in this “triangle of death," apply a warm compress for 10–15 minutes to help the pimple heal faster or use a pimple patch. You should also consult a dermatologist who may offer treatments to reduce inflammation safely, including cortisone and antibiotic injections.